Alteration of milk pH, somatic cell count (SCC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in buffalo milk related to udder health status
Keywords:
Bubalus bubalis, buffaloes, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, mastitis, pH, somatic cell countAbstract
The present study was designed to correlate the milk pH, somatic cell count (SCC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in buffalo milk with the udder health status. A total of 60 (Sixty) buffaloes were randomly selected irrespective of their age, breed, feeding practice, stage and season of lactation from the herd belonging to Purnadhadi buffalo unit, PGIVAS, Teaching Veterinary Clinical complex, PGIVAS, Veterinary Polyclinic, Akola and also buffaloes of farmers in and around Akola. After thorough clinical examination of each udder, about 30 ml of milk was collected in sterilized, clean, dry plastic bottles and after careful screening by CMT, categorized in normal, sub- clinical (1+), sub- clinical (2+), sub- clinical (3+) and clinical group containing 12 animals in each group. The pH was measured using a digital pH meter (E.I. Model 101E) and SCC was calculated in freshly collected milk. LDH and ALP activities were measured by spectrophotometric method. The milk pH, SCC, LDH and ALP activities were found proportional to the severity of the udder infection as detected by the CMT reactions.
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Ahmad, T., M.Q. Bilal, S. Ullah and G. Muhammad. 2005. Effect of severity of mastitis on pH and specific gravity of buffalo milk. Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 42(3-4): 64-67. Available on: http://pakjas.com.pk/papers/438.pdf
Babei, H., L.M. Mansouri, M.M. Molaei, A. Kheradmand and M. Sharifan. 2007. Assessment of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino transferase activities in cow’s milk as an indicator of subclinical mastitis. Vet. Res. Commun., 31(4): 419-425. DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-3539-x
Bachaya, H.A., M.A. Raza, S. Murtaza and I.U.R. Akbar. 2011. Subclinical bovine mastitis in Muzaffar Garh district of Punjab (Pakistan). J. Anim. Plant Sci., 21(1): 16-19.
Batavani, R.A., S. Asri and H. Naebzadeh. 2007. The effect of subclinical mastitis on milk composition in dairy cows. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 8(3): 205-211. Available on: https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_925_8c286f02d8fb54b4bf530539cc1f950c.pdf
Bilal, M.O. and A. Ahmad. 2004. Dairy Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Usman and Bilal Printing Linkers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Ahmad, T., M.Q. Bilal, S. Ullah and G. Muhammad. 2005. Effect of severity of mastitis on pH and specific gravity of buffalo milk. Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 42(3-4): 64-67. Available on: http://pakjas.com.pk/papers/438.pdf
Blumberg, H.M., D.S. Stephens, C. Licitra, N. Pigott, R. Facklam, B. Swaminathan and I.K. Wachsmuth. 1992. Molecular epidemiology of Group B streptococcal infections: Use of restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA and DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of ribosomal RNA genes (ribotyping). J. Infect. Dis., 166(3): 574-579. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/166.3.574
Bogin, E. and G. Ziv. 1973. Enzymes and minerals in normal and mastitic milk. Cornell Vet., 63(4): 666-676.
Bogin, E., Z.V. Zager, B. Rivertz, S. Gordin and A. Saran. 1977. Distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in normal and inflamed bovine udder and milk. Res. Vet. Sci., 22(2): 198-200.
Borghese, A. 2005. Buffalo Production and Research, Reu Technical Series 67. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy. Available on: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ah847e.pdf
Cabaud, P.G., F. Wroblewski and V. Reffiero. 1958. Colorimetric measurement of lactic dehydrogenase activity of body fluids. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 30(3): 324-326. DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/30.3.234
Chagunda, G.G.M., T. Larsen, M. Bjerring and K.L. Ingvartsen. 2006. L-lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities in bovine milk as indicators of non-specific mastitis. J. Dairy Res., 73(4): 431-440. DOI: 10.1017/S0022029906001956
Chakarbarti, A. 1997. A Text Book of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2nd ed. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India. p. 405-423.
Chawla, R. 2006. Practical Clinical Biochemistry: Methods and Interpretations, 3rd ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. New Delhi, India. p. 110-114.
DADF. 2016. Buffalo Milk Production Estimates in India during 2014-15. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, India.
Deshapriya, R.M.C., R. Rahularaj and R.M.S.B.K. Ransinghe. 2019. Mastitis, somatic cell count and milk quality: An overview. Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal, 66(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.4038/slvj.v66i1.32
Durry, A.R. and G.W. Reed. 1961. A herd irritation index using the California mastitis test. Vet. Med., 56: 147-150.
Folley, S.J. 1956. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Lactation. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, UK. p. 34-44.
Gain, S., J. Mukherjee, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Batabyal and C. Guha. 2015. In vitro activity of blood and milk leukocytes together with the serum enzyme profile during subclinical mastitis in cross bred cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 85(8): 856-860.
Haggag, H.F., L.F. Harmzawi, G.A. Maharam and M.M. Ali. 1991. Physicochemical properties of colostrums and clinical and subclinical mastitic buffalo milk. Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science, 19(1): 55-63.
Hamann, J. 2002. Milk quality and udder health in relation to modern milking. In recent development and perspectives in bovine medicine, p. 334-345. In The 22nd World Buiatrics Congress, Hannover, Germany.
Hamza, P.A. and P.C. Choudhuri. 1994. Chemoprophylactic studies on mastitis in buffaloes. Indian J. Dairy. Sci., 47: 723-726.
Harmon, R.J. 1994. Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell count. J. Dairy Sci., 77(7): 2103-2112. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77153-8
Heleili, N., A. Ayachi, M. Melizi, A.L. Kassah and B. Mamache. 2012. Prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis and the in vitrosensitivity of bacterial isolates in Batna Governorate, East of Algeria. Journals of Animal Science Advances, 2: 576-582.
Joshi, S. and S. Gokhale. 2006. Status of mastitis as an emerging disease in improved and periurban dairy farms in India. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1081: 74-83. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1373.007
Larson, T. 2005. Determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in milk by a fluorometric assay. J. Dairy Sci., 72(2): 209-216.
Leitner, G., E. Shoshani, O. Krifucks, M. Chaffer and A. Saran. 2000. Milk leukocyte population patterns in bovine udder infection of different etiology. J. Vet. Med. B., 47(8): 581-589. DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2000.00388.x
Meglia, G.E., A. Johannisson, S. Agenäs, K. Holtenius and K.P. Waller. 2001. Effects of feeding intensity during the dry period on leukocyte and lymphocyte sub-populations, neutrophil function and health in periparturient dairy cows. Vet. J., 169(3): 376-384. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.02.003
Miller, R.H. and M.J. Paape. 1985. Relationship between milk somatic cell count and milk yield, p.60. In Proceeding Annual Meeting National Mastitis Council, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Miller, R.H., M.J. Pape., L.A. Fulton and M.M. Schutz. 1993. The relationship of milk and somatic cell count to milk yields for Holstein heifers after first calving. J. Dairy Sci., 76(3): 728-733. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77396-8
Mohamed, A.H., M.I. Dessoukey, M. Abdel Ghani and A.M. Bakeer. 1981. Contributors of alkaline phosphatase in milk of mastitic goats. Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science, 9(2): 105-112.
Moroni, P., C.S. Rasso, G. Pisori, V. Bronzo, B. Castiglioni and P.J. Baettcher. 2006. Relationships between somatic cell count and inflammatory infection in buffaloes. J. Dairy Sci., 89(3): DOI: 998-1103. 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72165-8
Nguyen, D.A.D. and M.C. Neville. 1998. Tight junction regulation in the mammary gland. J. Mammary Gland Biol., 3(3): 233-246. DOI: 10.1023/a:1018707309361
Olson, D.P., R.C. Bull, L.F. Woodard and K.E. Kelly.1981. Effects of maternal nutritional restriction and cold stress on young calves: Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. Am. J. Vet. Res., 42(5): 876-880.
Oz, H.H., D.J. Hillmann and R.J. Farnsworth. 1985. Bulk tank milk analysis for isolating mastogenic bacteria. Dairy and Food Sanitation, 5(7): 248-251.
Pathania, V. and R. Seth. 1995. Effect of mastitis on the milk, fat globule membrane enzyme. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 48(1): 249-250.
Pernoud, S., C. Fremaux, A. Sepilche, G. Corrieu and C. Monnet. 2004. Effect of the metabolism of urea on the acidifying activity of Streptococcus thermophilus. J. dairy Sci., 87(3): 550-555. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73196-3
Pyorala, S. 2003. Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis. Vet. Res., 34(5): 565-578. DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2003026
Qayyum, A., J.A. Khan, R. Hussain, M. Avais, N. Ahmad and M.S. Khan. 2016. Investigation of milk and blood serum biochemical profile as an indicator of sub-clinical mastitis in Cholistani cattle. Pak. Vet. J., 36(3): 275-279.
Rao, K.R.S. 1990. Milk formation-alternation in mastitis milk composition. Indian Dairyman, 42(7): 314-316.
Schalm, O.W., G. Caroll and N.C. Jain. 1971. Bovine Mastitis. Lea and Febriger Publisher, Philadelphia, USA. p. 95-127.
Shahani, K.M. 1966. Milk enzymes: Their role and significance. J. Dairy Sci., 49(8): 907-920. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(66)87980-8
Singh, C.V. and R.S. Barwal. 2010. Buffalo breeding research and improvement strategies in India. Revista Veterinaria, 21(Suppl. 1): 1024-1031.
Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Corchran. 1994. Statistical Method, 8th ed. East West Press Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India. p. 217-232.
Zhao, X. and P. Lacasse. 2008. Mammary tissue damage during bovine mastitis: Causes and control. J. Anim. Sci., 86(Suppl. 13): 57-65. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0302
Babei, H., L.M. Mansouri, M.M. Molaei, A. Kheradmand and M. Sharifan. 2007. Assessment of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino transferase activities in cow’s milk as an indicator of subclinical mastitis. Vet. Res. Commun., 31(4): 419-425. DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-3539-x
Bachaya, H.A., M.A. Raza, S. Murtaza and I.U.R. Akbar. 2011. Subclinical bovine mastitis in Muzaffar Garh district of Punjab (Pakistan). J. Anim. Plant Sci., 21(1): 16-19.
Batavani, R.A., S. Asri and H. Naebzadeh. 2007. The effect of subclinical mastitis on milk composition in dairy cows. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 8(3): 205-211. Available on: https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_925_8c286f02d8fb54b4bf530539cc1f950c.pdf
Bilal, M.O. and A. Ahmad. 2004. Dairy Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Usman and Bilal Printing Linkers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Ahmad, T., M.Q. Bilal, S. Ullah and G. Muhammad. 2005. Effect of severity of mastitis on pH and specific gravity of buffalo milk. Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 42(3-4): 64-67. Available on: http://pakjas.com.pk/papers/438.pdf
Blumberg, H.M., D.S. Stephens, C. Licitra, N. Pigott, R. Facklam, B. Swaminathan and I.K. Wachsmuth. 1992. Molecular epidemiology of Group B streptococcal infections: Use of restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA and DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of ribosomal RNA genes (ribotyping). J. Infect. Dis., 166(3): 574-579. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/166.3.574
Bogin, E. and G. Ziv. 1973. Enzymes and minerals in normal and mastitic milk. Cornell Vet., 63(4): 666-676.
Bogin, E., Z.V. Zager, B. Rivertz, S. Gordin and A. Saran. 1977. Distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in normal and inflamed bovine udder and milk. Res. Vet. Sci., 22(2): 198-200.
Borghese, A. 2005. Buffalo Production and Research, Reu Technical Series 67. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy. Available on: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ah847e.pdf
Cabaud, P.G., F. Wroblewski and V. Reffiero. 1958. Colorimetric measurement of lactic dehydrogenase activity of body fluids. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 30(3): 324-326. DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/30.3.234
Chagunda, G.G.M., T. Larsen, M. Bjerring and K.L. Ingvartsen. 2006. L-lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities in bovine milk as indicators of non-specific mastitis. J. Dairy Res., 73(4): 431-440. DOI: 10.1017/S0022029906001956
Chakarbarti, A. 1997. A Text Book of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2nd ed. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India. p. 405-423.
Chawla, R. 2006. Practical Clinical Biochemistry: Methods and Interpretations, 3rd ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. New Delhi, India. p. 110-114.
DADF. 2016. Buffalo Milk Production Estimates in India during 2014-15. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, India.
Deshapriya, R.M.C., R. Rahularaj and R.M.S.B.K. Ransinghe. 2019. Mastitis, somatic cell count and milk quality: An overview. Sri Lanka Veterinary Journal, 66(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.4038/slvj.v66i1.32
Durry, A.R. and G.W. Reed. 1961. A herd irritation index using the California mastitis test. Vet. Med., 56: 147-150.
Folley, S.J. 1956. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Lactation. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, UK. p. 34-44.
Gain, S., J. Mukherjee, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Batabyal and C. Guha. 2015. In vitro activity of blood and milk leukocytes together with the serum enzyme profile during subclinical mastitis in cross bred cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 85(8): 856-860.
Haggag, H.F., L.F. Harmzawi, G.A. Maharam and M.M. Ali. 1991. Physicochemical properties of colostrums and clinical and subclinical mastitic buffalo milk. Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science, 19(1): 55-63.
Hamann, J. 2002. Milk quality and udder health in relation to modern milking. In recent development and perspectives in bovine medicine, p. 334-345. In The 22nd World Buiatrics Congress, Hannover, Germany.
Hamza, P.A. and P.C. Choudhuri. 1994. Chemoprophylactic studies on mastitis in buffaloes. Indian J. Dairy. Sci., 47: 723-726.
Harmon, R.J. 1994. Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell count. J. Dairy Sci., 77(7): 2103-2112. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77153-8
Heleili, N., A. Ayachi, M. Melizi, A.L. Kassah and B. Mamache. 2012. Prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis and the in vitrosensitivity of bacterial isolates in Batna Governorate, East of Algeria. Journals of Animal Science Advances, 2: 576-582.
Joshi, S. and S. Gokhale. 2006. Status of mastitis as an emerging disease in improved and periurban dairy farms in India. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1081: 74-83. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1373.007
Larson, T. 2005. Determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in milk by a fluorometric assay. J. Dairy Sci., 72(2): 209-216.
Leitner, G., E. Shoshani, O. Krifucks, M. Chaffer and A. Saran. 2000. Milk leukocyte population patterns in bovine udder infection of different etiology. J. Vet. Med. B., 47(8): 581-589. DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2000.00388.x
Meglia, G.E., A. Johannisson, S. Agenäs, K. Holtenius and K.P. Waller. 2001. Effects of feeding intensity during the dry period on leukocyte and lymphocyte sub-populations, neutrophil function and health in periparturient dairy cows. Vet. J., 169(3): 376-384. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.02.003
Miller, R.H. and M.J. Paape. 1985. Relationship between milk somatic cell count and milk yield, p.60. In Proceeding Annual Meeting National Mastitis Council, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Miller, R.H., M.J. Pape., L.A. Fulton and M.M. Schutz. 1993. The relationship of milk and somatic cell count to milk yields for Holstein heifers after first calving. J. Dairy Sci., 76(3): 728-733. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77396-8
Mohamed, A.H., M.I. Dessoukey, M. Abdel Ghani and A.M. Bakeer. 1981. Contributors of alkaline phosphatase in milk of mastitic goats. Egyptian Journal of Dairy Science, 9(2): 105-112.
Moroni, P., C.S. Rasso, G. Pisori, V. Bronzo, B. Castiglioni and P.J. Baettcher. 2006. Relationships between somatic cell count and inflammatory infection in buffaloes. J. Dairy Sci., 89(3): DOI: 998-1103. 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72165-8
Nguyen, D.A.D. and M.C. Neville. 1998. Tight junction regulation in the mammary gland. J. Mammary Gland Biol., 3(3): 233-246. DOI: 10.1023/a:1018707309361
Olson, D.P., R.C. Bull, L.F. Woodard and K.E. Kelly.1981. Effects of maternal nutritional restriction and cold stress on young calves: Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. Am. J. Vet. Res., 42(5): 876-880.
Oz, H.H., D.J. Hillmann and R.J. Farnsworth. 1985. Bulk tank milk analysis for isolating mastogenic bacteria. Dairy and Food Sanitation, 5(7): 248-251.
Pathania, V. and R. Seth. 1995. Effect of mastitis on the milk, fat globule membrane enzyme. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 48(1): 249-250.
Pernoud, S., C. Fremaux, A. Sepilche, G. Corrieu and C. Monnet. 2004. Effect of the metabolism of urea on the acidifying activity of Streptococcus thermophilus. J. dairy Sci., 87(3): 550-555. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73196-3
Pyorala, S. 2003. Indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis. Vet. Res., 34(5): 565-578. DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2003026
Qayyum, A., J.A. Khan, R. Hussain, M. Avais, N. Ahmad and M.S. Khan. 2016. Investigation of milk and blood serum biochemical profile as an indicator of sub-clinical mastitis in Cholistani cattle. Pak. Vet. J., 36(3): 275-279.
Rao, K.R.S. 1990. Milk formation-alternation in mastitis milk composition. Indian Dairyman, 42(7): 314-316.
Schalm, O.W., G. Caroll and N.C. Jain. 1971. Bovine Mastitis. Lea and Febriger Publisher, Philadelphia, USA. p. 95-127.
Shahani, K.M. 1966. Milk enzymes: Their role and significance. J. Dairy Sci., 49(8): 907-920. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(66)87980-8
Singh, C.V. and R.S. Barwal. 2010. Buffalo breeding research and improvement strategies in India. Revista Veterinaria, 21(Suppl. 1): 1024-1031.
Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Corchran. 1994. Statistical Method, 8th ed. East West Press Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India. p. 217-232.
Zhao, X. and P. Lacasse. 2008. Mammary tissue damage during bovine mastitis: Causes and control. J. Anim. Sci., 86(Suppl. 13): 57-65. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0302
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2021-09-25
How to Cite
Nandi, S. (2021). Alteration of milk pH, somatic cell count (SCC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in buffalo milk related to udder health status. Buffalo Bulletin, 40(3), 443–450. Retrieved from https://kuojs.lib.ku.ac.th/index.php/BufBu/article/view/3145
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