Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) phenotypic diversity characterization reveals the need for improved performance based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics
A comparison of Kalang buffalo in Kalimantan, Indonesia and Thale Noi buffalo in Phatthalung, Thailand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4133711Keywords:
Bubalus bubalis, buffaloes, phenotype, biodiversity, Indonesia, ThailandAbstract
Kalang buffaloes (KBuf) are bred in swamplands, maintained in large cages, and originate from Kalimantan Island, Indonesia, hence, the local word “kalang”. KBuf and Thale Noi buffaloes (TBuf) are important biodiversity resources in Indonesia and Thailand which permeate areas of culture, religion, meat supply, and livelihood. This study aimed to observe phenotypic characteristics within breeds of KBuf and TBuf based on quantitative and qualitative performance to define diversity. A total of two hundred and forty buffaloes were observed from North (NK), East (EK), South Kalimantan (SK) provinces of Indonesia, and Phatthalung (PT) province of Thailand. The phenotypic characterization consisted of quantitative, qualitative, and morphometric index analyses. The phenotypic characterization showed that female TBuf demonstrated the highest value on the quantitative parameters which was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to KBuf. Among Kalimantan buffaloes, SK males had the highest value on the qualitative parameters which was significantly different (P<0.05) from EK and NK. According to the morphometric index, male buffaloes from SK and PT have shown close index values (P>0.05). Also, females from EK, SK, and PT had a close relationship (P>0.05) in the morphometric indices. Based on qualitative characters, buffaloes in this study exhibited high variation in body appearance, skin, coat, and foot colors, horn pattern, backline, chevron, and whorls in the head, back, and rump. It was concluded that KBuf and TBuf have high variability in phenotypic diversity, the distribution area affects the parameter values as potentially influenced by lineage factors and ability to adapt to the environmental and management conditions.
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References
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Dudi, S., C. Sumantri., H. Martojo and A. Anang. 2011. Performance of qualitative and quantitative traits of local buffaloes at Banten province. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak, 11(2): 61-67.
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Ghofar, M. 2014. Kalimantan Timur Miliki 8.981 Ekor Kerbau. Available on: https://kaltim.antaranews.com/berita/22669/kaltim-miliki-8981-kerbau
Gomez, A.A. and J. Wiley. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons. New York, USA.
Gunawan, A. and C. Sumantri. 2008. Estimation of phenotypic variation value and genetic distance in Garut sheep and crossbred of Garut. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 33(3): 176-185.
Handiwirawan, E., R.R. Noor, C. Sumantri and S. Subandriyo. 2011. The differentiation of sheep breed based on body measurements. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 36(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.36.1.1-8
Hamdan, A., E.S. Rohaeni and A. Subhan. 2010. Characteristics of swamp buffalo as germ plasm in South Kalimantan, p. 57-64. Seminar dan Lokakarya Nasiona Kerbau. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, Lebak-Banten, Indonesia.
Imsyar, A.H. 2010. Studi karakteristik morfologi kerbau rawa di kabupaten Pasaman. Msc. Thesis, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
Khan, M., I. Rahim, H. Rueff, S. Jalali, M. Saleem, D. Maselli and U. Wiesmann. 2013. Morphological characterization of the Azikheli buffalo in Pakistan. Animal Genetics Research, 52: 65-70. DOI: 10.1017/S2078633613000027
Kocaman, I., E.K. Gurcan, H.C. Kurc and M.I. Soysal. 2017. Determination of body measurements, live weights and manure production of dairy Anatolian water buffaloes in the Istanbul region. Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 4(4): 62-66. Available on: http://jsaer.com/download/vol-4-iss-4-2017/JSAER2017-04-04-62-66.pdf
Komariah., Kartiarso and M. Lita. 2014. Productivity of swamp buffalo in Muara Muntai subdistric, Kutai Kartanegara regency, East Kalimantan. Buletin Peternakan, 38(3): 174-181. DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v38i3.5253
Lita, M. 2009. The productivity of swamp buffalo in Muara Muntai subdistrict, Kutai Kartanegara regency, East Kalimantan. Msc. Thesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor, Indonesia.
Marai, F.M. and A.A.M. Haeeb. 2010. Buffalo's biological functions as affected by heat stress-A review. Livest. Sci., 127(2-3): 89-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.08.001
Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. 2012a. Penetapan kerbau Kalang Kalimantan Timur. Kepmen Pertanian Republik Indonesia, 430(2843): 1-4.
Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. 2012b. Penetapan rumpun kerbau Kalimantan Selatan. Kepmen Pertanian Republik Indonesia, 430(2884): 1-4.
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Mwacharo, J.M., A.M. Okeyo, G.K. Kamande and J.E.O. Rege. 2006. The small east African shorthorn zebu cows in Kenya. I: Linear body measurements. Trop. Anim. Health Pro., 38(1): 65-76. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-006-4266-y
Natalia, L., Suhardono and A. Priadi. 2006. Swamp buffalo in South Kalimantan: Problem, disease and control. Wartazoa, 16(4): 206-215.
Norusis, M.J. 1998. SPSS/PC Advanced Statistics. FL: SPSS. Chicago, USA.
Nozawa, K. and S. Na Phuket. 1974. Coat color of water buffaloes in Thailand-A preliminary report on the coat color polymorphism in swamp buffaloes in South-Eastern Asia. The Society for Research on Native Livestock, Tokyo, Japan.
Nurfaridah, A., S.K. Bandiati and S. Nurachma. 2013. A cumulative index of body size and bodyweight composite ewe mutton as sheep meet. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Unpad, 2(1): 1-10.
Phatthalung Province Statistics Report. 2017. Province Statistics Report. Available on: http://phatlung.nso.go.th
Presicce, G.A. 2016. The Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) - Production and Research. Bentham Science, United Arab Emirates. DOI: 10.2174/97816810841761170101
Putu, I.G. 2003. Reproductive technology application for increasing production performance of buffalo in Indonesia. WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 13(4): 172-180. DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v13i4.779
Rahman, M.D.M., M.D.R. Islam, M.K. Hossain, N.S. Lucky, N.Z. Shoshe, S. Islam and M.D.M. Haque. 2015. Phenotypic characterization of indigenous buffalo at Sylhet district. International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2(1): 1-6. DOI: 10.12983/ijsras-2015-p0001-0006
Sahu, S., G.D. Nayak and D.K. Karna. 2017. Phenotypic characteristics of Sambalpuri buffaloes of India. Buffalo Bull., 36(4): 615-621. Available on: https://kuojs.lib.ku.ac.th/index.php/BufBu/article/view/915/103
Sitorus, A.J. and A. Anggraeni. 2008. Morphological characterization and estimation of genetic distances of swamp buffalo, river (Murrah) and its crossing in North Sumatera. In National Proceedings, Seminar and Bussiness Workshop of the Tanah Toraja Buffalo. Puslitbang Peternakan, Bogor, Indonesia.
Stepanus, B. 2008. The Importance of Water Buffalos in Torajanese tradition. Pusat Kajian Indonesia Timur, Hasanuddin University Press, Makassar, Indonesia.
Sulasmi., A. Gunawan, R. Priyanto, C. Sumantri and J. Arifin. 2017. Uniformity and adjacency morphometrics body size of Pasundan cattle. Jurnal Veteriner, 18(2): 263-273. DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.2.263
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Published
2022-09-26
How to Cite
Suhardi, S., Summpunn, P., Duangjinda, M., & Wuthisuthimethavee, S. (2022). Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) phenotypic diversity characterization reveals the need for improved performance based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics: A comparison of Kalang buffalo in Kalimantan, Indonesia and Thale Noi buffalo in Phatthalung, Thailand. Buffalo Bulletin, 41(3), 373–390. https://doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4133711
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