Effect of dietary supplementation of astxanthin, prill fat and their combination on antioxidants and immunity status of lactating buffaloes during heat stress
Keywords:
Bubalus bubalis, buffaloes, antioxidant, astaxanthin, heat stress, interleukins, prill fatAbstract
To evaluate the role of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin, prill fat and their combination on antioxidants and immune status of lactating buffaloes during heat stress. Twenty four lactating buffaloes (first to fourth parity) were selected and divided equally into four groups i.e. Group I (control), Group II (astaxanthin 0.25 mg/kg body wt/day), Group III (prill fat 100 g/animal/day) and Group IV (astaxanthin + prill fat). Plasma was separated from the blood collected at fortnightly interval for the analysis of antioxidant enzymes and interleukins levels. The levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly lower in astaxanthin supplemented groups (Group II and Group IV) compared to Group I and Group III. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin -2) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in astaxanthin supplemented groups (Group II and Group IV) compared to Group I whereas levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin -10) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in all supplemented groups (Group II, Group III and Group IV) than Group I. Results showed that, dietary supplementation of astaxanthin (potent antioxidant) was able to alleviate the heat stress induced changes by lowering the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-2) and improving the levels of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in lactating buffaloes during summer season.
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References
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Guerin, M., M.E. Huntley and M. Olaizola. 2003. Haematococcus astaxanthin: Applications for human health and nutrition. Trends Biotechnol., 21(5): 210-216. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00078-7
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Hussein, M.A. 2015. Cardioprotective effects of astaxanthin against isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(1): 1-6. DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000335
Kumar, A., G. Singh, B.S. Kumar and S.K. Meur. 2011. Modulation of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte by dietary supplementation during heat stress in buffaloes. Livest. Sci., 138(1-3): 299-303. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.12.021
Kumar, M., H. Kaur, R.S. Deka, V. Mani, A.K. Tyagi and G. Chandra. 2015. Dietary inorganic chromium in summer-exposed buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis): Effects on biomarkers of heat stress, immune status, and endocrine variables. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 167: 18-27. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0272-0
Kumar, S. 2018. Influence of astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, immunity and antioxidant status in heifers during summer season P.hD. Dissertation, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
Kumar, S. and S.V. Singh. 2019. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway by astaxanthin supplementation for prevention of heat stress-induced inflammatory changes and apoptosis in Karan Fries heifers. Trop. Anim. Health Pro., 51(5): 1125-1134. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-01793-y
Kundu, M.S., A.K. De, S. Jeyakumar, J. Sunder, A. Kundu and T. Sujatha. 2014. Effect of prill fat supplementation on hormones, milk production and energy metabolites during mid-lactation in crossbred cows. Vet. World, 7(6): 384-388. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.384-388
Lallawmkimi, M.C., S.V. Singh, R.C. Upadhyay and S. De. 2013. Impact of vitamin E supplementation on heat shock protein 72 and antioxidant enzymes in different stages of Murrah buffaloes during seasonal stress. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 83(9): 909-915.
Lallawmkimi, M.C. 2009. Impact of Thermal Stress and Vitamine Supplementation on Heat Shock Protein-72 and Antioxidant Enzymes in Murrah buffaloes. Ph.D. Dissertation, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
Lin, K.H., K.C. Lin, W.J. Lu, P.A. Thomas, T. Jayakumar and J.R. Sheu. 2016. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid, stimulates immune responses by enhancing IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion in primary cultured lymphocytes in vitro and ex vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17(1): 44. DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010044
Macedo, R.C., A.P. Bolin, D.P. Marin and R. Otton. 2010. Astaxanthin addition improves human neutrophils function: in vitro study. Eur. J. Nutr., 49(8): 447-457. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0103-1
Miyazaki, T., K. Sueoka, A.M. Dharmarajan, S.J. Atlas, G.B. Bulkley and E.E. Wallach. 1991. Effect of inhibition of oxygen free radical on ovulation and progesterone production by the in-vitro perfused rabbit ovary. J. Reprod. Fertil., 91(1): 207-212. DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0910207
NRC. 1971. A Guide to Environmental Research on Animals. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA.
NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals: Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. USA. 333p.
Odeberg, J.M., A. Lignell, A. Pettersson and P. Hoglund. 2003. Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 19(4): 299-304. DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00135-0
Pan, C.H., Y.H. Chien and B. Hunter. 2003. The resistance to ammonia stress of Penaeus monodon Fabricius juvenile fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 297(1): 107-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2003.07.002
Patir, H. and R.C. Upadhyay. 2007. Interrelationship between Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and Lymphocyte Proliferation in Thermal Exposed Buffalo Heifers. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 6: 1344-1346. DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.s2.1344
Pearce, S.C., M.V. Sanz Fernandez, J. Torrison, M.E. Wilson, L.H. Baumgard and N.K. Gabler. 2015. Dietary organic zinc attenuates heat stress-induced changes in pig intestinal integrity and metabolism. J. Anim. Sci., 93(10): 4702-4713. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9018
Priyadarshini, L. and A. Aggarwal. 2018. Astaxanthin inhibits cytokines production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing IκB kinase-dependent nuclear factor κB activation in pre and postpartum Murrah buffaloes during different seasons. Vet. World, 11(6): 782. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.782-788
Priyadarshini, L. 2017. Immunity Antioxidant Energy Status and Production performance in pre and postpartum Murrah buffaloes supplemented with astaxanthin during summer and winter seasons. Ph.D. Dissertation, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
Rao, A.R., A.H. Reddy and S.M. Aradhya. 2010. Antibacterial properties of Spirulina platensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, Botryococcus braunii micro algal extracts. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 4(3): 809-819. Available on: https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=9f5b378d-3674-4eeb-aa32-260fe8b38171%40sessionmgr103
Sharma, S., M. Singh, A.K. Roy and S. Thakur. 2016. Effect of pre-partum prilled fat supplementation on feed intake, energy balance and milk production in Murrah buffaloes. Vet. World, 9(3): 256-259. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.256-259
Sheikh, A.A., A. Aggarwal, B. Indu and O. Aarif. 2017. Inorganic zinc supplementation modulates heat shock and immune response in heat stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of periparturient dairy cows. Theriogenology, 95: 75-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.024
Shibu, C.T., S.V. Singh and R.C. Upadhyay. 2008. Impact of temperature rise on pulmonary dynamics, heat dissipation and antioxidant status in KF heifers. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 25: 67-71.
Sordillo, L.M. and S.L. Aitken. 2009. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 128(1-3): 104-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.305
Soren, S., S.V. Singh and S. Kumar. 2017. Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on semen (Karan fries bulls) storage at 5 C. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(5): 23-28. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.003
Soren, S., S.V. Singh and P. Singh. 2016. Influence of season on seminal antioxidant enzymes in Karan Fries bulls under tropical climatic conditions. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 40(6): 797-802. DOI: 10.3906/vet-1603-76
Surai, P.F., V.I. Fisinin and F. Karadas. 2016. Antioxidant systems in chick embryo development. Part 1. Vitamin E, carotenoids and selenium. Animal Nutrition, 2(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.01.001
Wang, L.I., F. Liu, Y. Luo, L. Zhu and G. Li. 2015. Effect of acute heat stress on adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, interleukin-2, interleukin-12 and apoptosis gene expression in rats. Biomedical Reports, 3(3): 425-429.
Yasui, Y., M. Hosokawa, N. Mikami, K. Miyashita and T. Tanaka. 2011. Dietary astaxanthin inhibits colitis and colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice via modulation of the inflammatory cytokines. Chem. Biol. Interact., 193(1): 79-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.05.006
Yatoo, M.I., D. Umesh and M.C. Sharma. 2014. Seasonal changes in certain blood antioxidants in cattle and buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 84(2): 173-176.
Zhang, F.J., X.G. Weng, J.F. Wang, D. Zhou, W. Zhang, C.C. Zhai and Y.H. Zhu. 2014. Effects of temperature-humidity index and chromium supplementation on antioxidant capacity, heat shock protein 72, and cytokine responses of lactating cows. J. Anim. Sci., 92(7): 3026-3034. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6932
Chaudhary, S.S., V.K. Singh, R.C. Upadhyay, G. Puri, A.B. Odedara and P.A. Patel. 2015. Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses in different seasons in Surti buffaloes. Vet. World, 8(6): 727. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.727-731
Chien, Y.H., C.H. Pan and B. Hunter. 2003. The resistance to physical stresses by Penaeus monodon juveniles fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin. Aquaculture, 216(1-4): 177-191. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00056-X
Do Amaral, B.C., E.E. Connor, S. Tao, J. Hayen, J. Bubolz and G.E. Dahl. 2009. Heat-stress abatement during the dry period: Does cooling improve transition into lactation?. J. Dairy. Sci., 92(12): 5988-5999. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2343
Do Amaral, B.C., E.E. Connor, S. Tao, M.J. Hayen, J.W. Bubolz and G.E. Dahl. 2011. Heat stress abatement during the dry period influences metabolic gene expression and improves immune status in the transition period of dairy cows. J. Dairy. Sci., 94(1): 86-96. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-3004
Ganjkhanlou, M., K. Rezayazdi, G.R. Ghorbani, M.D. Banadaky, H. Morraveg and W.Z. Yang. 2009. Effects of protected fat supplements on production of early lactation Holstein cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 154(3-4): 276-283. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.09.008
Guerin, M., M.E. Huntley and M. Olaizola. 2003. Haematococcus astaxanthin: Applications for human health and nutrition. Trends Biotechnol., 21(5): 210-216. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00078-7
Higuera-Ciapara, I., L. Felix-Valenzuela and F.M. Goycoolea. 2006. Astaxanthin: A review of its chemistry and applications. Crit. Rev. Food Sci., 46(2): 185-196. DOI: 10.1080/10408690590957188
Hussein, M.A. 2015. Cardioprotective effects of astaxanthin against isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(1): 1-6. DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000335
Kumar, A., G. Singh, B.S. Kumar and S.K. Meur. 2011. Modulation of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte by dietary supplementation during heat stress in buffaloes. Livest. Sci., 138(1-3): 299-303. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.12.021
Kumar, M., H. Kaur, R.S. Deka, V. Mani, A.K. Tyagi and G. Chandra. 2015. Dietary inorganic chromium in summer-exposed buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis): Effects on biomarkers of heat stress, immune status, and endocrine variables. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 167: 18-27. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0272-0
Kumar, S. 2018. Influence of astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, immunity and antioxidant status in heifers during summer season P.hD. Dissertation, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
Kumar, S. and S.V. Singh. 2019. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway by astaxanthin supplementation for prevention of heat stress-induced inflammatory changes and apoptosis in Karan Fries heifers. Trop. Anim. Health Pro., 51(5): 1125-1134. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-01793-y
Kundu, M.S., A.K. De, S. Jeyakumar, J. Sunder, A. Kundu and T. Sujatha. 2014. Effect of prill fat supplementation on hormones, milk production and energy metabolites during mid-lactation in crossbred cows. Vet. World, 7(6): 384-388. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.384-388
Lallawmkimi, M.C., S.V. Singh, R.C. Upadhyay and S. De. 2013. Impact of vitamin E supplementation on heat shock protein 72 and antioxidant enzymes in different stages of Murrah buffaloes during seasonal stress. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 83(9): 909-915.
Lallawmkimi, M.C. 2009. Impact of Thermal Stress and Vitamine Supplementation on Heat Shock Protein-72 and Antioxidant Enzymes in Murrah buffaloes. Ph.D. Dissertation, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
Lin, K.H., K.C. Lin, W.J. Lu, P.A. Thomas, T. Jayakumar and J.R. Sheu. 2016. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid, stimulates immune responses by enhancing IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion in primary cultured lymphocytes in vitro and ex vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17(1): 44. DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010044
Macedo, R.C., A.P. Bolin, D.P. Marin and R. Otton. 2010. Astaxanthin addition improves human neutrophils function: in vitro study. Eur. J. Nutr., 49(8): 447-457. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0103-1
Miyazaki, T., K. Sueoka, A.M. Dharmarajan, S.J. Atlas, G.B. Bulkley and E.E. Wallach. 1991. Effect of inhibition of oxygen free radical on ovulation and progesterone production by the in-vitro perfused rabbit ovary. J. Reprod. Fertil., 91(1): 207-212. DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.0910207
NRC. 1971. A Guide to Environmental Research on Animals. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA.
NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals: Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. USA. 333p.
Odeberg, J.M., A. Lignell, A. Pettersson and P. Hoglund. 2003. Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 19(4): 299-304. DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(03)00135-0
Pan, C.H., Y.H. Chien and B. Hunter. 2003. The resistance to ammonia stress of Penaeus monodon Fabricius juvenile fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 297(1): 107-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.jembe.2003.07.002
Patir, H. and R.C. Upadhyay. 2007. Interrelationship between Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and Lymphocyte Proliferation in Thermal Exposed Buffalo Heifers. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 6: 1344-1346. DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.s2.1344
Pearce, S.C., M.V. Sanz Fernandez, J. Torrison, M.E. Wilson, L.H. Baumgard and N.K. Gabler. 2015. Dietary organic zinc attenuates heat stress-induced changes in pig intestinal integrity and metabolism. J. Anim. Sci., 93(10): 4702-4713. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9018
Priyadarshini, L. and A. Aggarwal. 2018. Astaxanthin inhibits cytokines production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing IκB kinase-dependent nuclear factor κB activation in pre and postpartum Murrah buffaloes during different seasons. Vet. World, 11(6): 782. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.782-788
Priyadarshini, L. 2017. Immunity Antioxidant Energy Status and Production performance in pre and postpartum Murrah buffaloes supplemented with astaxanthin during summer and winter seasons. Ph.D. Dissertation, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
Rao, A.R., A.H. Reddy and S.M. Aradhya. 2010. Antibacterial properties of Spirulina platensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, Botryococcus braunii micro algal extracts. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 4(3): 809-819. Available on: https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=9f5b378d-3674-4eeb-aa32-260fe8b38171%40sessionmgr103
Sharma, S., M. Singh, A.K. Roy and S. Thakur. 2016. Effect of pre-partum prilled fat supplementation on feed intake, energy balance and milk production in Murrah buffaloes. Vet. World, 9(3): 256-259. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.256-259
Sheikh, A.A., A. Aggarwal, B. Indu and O. Aarif. 2017. Inorganic zinc supplementation modulates heat shock and immune response in heat stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of periparturient dairy cows. Theriogenology, 95: 75-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.024
Shibu, C.T., S.V. Singh and R.C. Upadhyay. 2008. Impact of temperature rise on pulmonary dynamics, heat dissipation and antioxidant status in KF heifers. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 25: 67-71.
Sordillo, L.M. and S.L. Aitken. 2009. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Vet. Immunol. Immunop., 128(1-3): 104-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.305
Soren, S., S.V. Singh and S. Kumar. 2017. Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on semen (Karan fries bulls) storage at 5 C. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(5): 23-28. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.003
Soren, S., S.V. Singh and P. Singh. 2016. Influence of season on seminal antioxidant enzymes in Karan Fries bulls under tropical climatic conditions. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 40(6): 797-802. DOI: 10.3906/vet-1603-76
Surai, P.F., V.I. Fisinin and F. Karadas. 2016. Antioxidant systems in chick embryo development. Part 1. Vitamin E, carotenoids and selenium. Animal Nutrition, 2(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.01.001
Wang, L.I., F. Liu, Y. Luo, L. Zhu and G. Li. 2015. Effect of acute heat stress on adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, interleukin-2, interleukin-12 and apoptosis gene expression in rats. Biomedical Reports, 3(3): 425-429.
Yasui, Y., M. Hosokawa, N. Mikami, K. Miyashita and T. Tanaka. 2011. Dietary astaxanthin inhibits colitis and colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice via modulation of the inflammatory cytokines. Chem. Biol. Interact., 193(1): 79-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.05.006
Yatoo, M.I., D. Umesh and M.C. Sharma. 2014. Seasonal changes in certain blood antioxidants in cattle and buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 84(2): 173-176.
Zhang, F.J., X.G. Weng, J.F. Wang, D. Zhou, W. Zhang, C.C. Zhai and Y.H. Zhu. 2014. Effects of temperature-humidity index and chromium supplementation on antioxidant capacity, heat shock protein 72, and cytokine responses of lactating cows. J. Anim. Sci., 92(7): 3026-3034. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6932
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2021-09-25
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Somagond, Y. M., Singh, S. V., Deshpande, A., Sheoran, P., & Chahal, V. P. (2021). Effect of dietary supplementation of astxanthin, prill fat and their combination on antioxidants and immunity status of lactating buffaloes during heat stress. Buffalo Bulletin, 40(3), 451–463. Retrieved from http://kuojs.lib.ku.ac.th/index.php/BufBu/article/view/3720
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