SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS IN MURRAH BULLS RECOVERING FROM GOSSYPOL POISONING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2025.4444545Keywords:
Bubalus bubalis, buffaloes, cryopreservation, gossypol poisoning, seminal characteristicsAbstract
The present study was conducted on 5 Murrah buffalo bulls of Central Semen Station, Anjora, Durg. The objective was to analyze the semen properties, semen evaluation after thawing and effect of incubation in frozen thawed semen in Murrah bulls that are in recovery phase of gossypol poisoning. 20 semen ejaculates in total were taken (4 ejaculate from each bull) for the study. Seminal attributes recorded during the recovery period were compared with the data available in Central Semen Station (CSS), Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh for the period of poisoning and before poisoning. The average values of fresh semen trait in fresh semen during recovery period viz. semen volume (mL), sperm concentration (millions/mL), progressive initial sperm motility (%), live sperm (%), intact acrosome (%), total sperm abnormalities (%), hypo osmotic swelling (HOS %) and sperm penetration distance (SPD-mm) were 2.94±0.70, 1455.03±109.69, 72.50±1.38, 79.60±1.13, 77.93±0.95, 16.45±0.44, 59.00±0.89 and 27.35±0.62, respectively. There was no significant difference between the ejaculate volumes and sperm concentrations of Murrah bulls before the period of gossypol poisoning, during poisoning and during the recovery period. Progressive motility significantly declined (P<0.01) during poisoning period. There was no significant difference between the live sperm percentage and per cent normal acrosome before-poisoning and during the recovery phase while the per cent total abnormalities were significantly higher (P<0.05) during recovery period as compared to the before toxixity period. After freezing, the mean values of progressive sperm motility (%), total morphological sperm abnormalities (%), intact acrosome (%), HOS reactive (%) and SPD (mm) were 47.00±1.05, 18.70±0.39, 61.35±1.05, 51.55±0.66 and 21.60±0.43, respectively.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, N. 1994. Clinical and experimental studies of reproductive functions in the ram and male goat with special reference to the use of diagnostic ultrasound. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.
Babashani, M., I.U. Ate, P.I. Rekwot, C.O. Njoku, U.S. Salisu and M.S. Yusuf. 2015. Semen characteristics of Yankasa rams fed Gossypol-containing diets. Int. J. Agric. For., 5(6): 323-329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijaf.20150506.04
Barth, A.D. 1997. Evaluation of potential breeding soundness of the bull, p. 222-236. In R.S. Youngquist (edn.) Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, USA.
Berardi, L.C. and L.A. Goldblatt. 1980. Gossypol, p. 185-237. In I.E. Liener (edn.) Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs, 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Berndtson, W.E., B.W. Pickett and C.D. Rugg. 1976. Procedures for the field handling of bovine semen in plastic straws. In The 6th Technical Conference on Artificial Insemination and Reproduction, National Association of Animal Breeders, Wisconsin, USA. p. 51-60.
Breitbart, H., A. Mayevsky and L. Nass-Arden. 1989. Molecular mechanisms of gossypol action on sperm motility. International Journal of Biochemistry, 21(10): 1097-1102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-711X(89)90049-9
Brocas, C., R.M. Rivera, F.F. Paula-Lopes, L.R. McDowell, M.C. Calhoun, C.R. Staples, N.S. Wilkinson, A.J. Boning, P.J. Chenoweth and P.J. Hansen. 1997. Deleterious actions of gossypol on bovine spermatozoa, oocytes, and embryos. Biology of Reproduction, 57(4): 901-907. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod57.4.901
Calhoun, M.C., J.E. Huston and C.B. Calk. 1991. Effects of gossypol on digestive and metabolic function of domestic livestock. J. Anim. Sci., 69: 534.
Campbell, R.G., J.L. Hancock and L. Rothschild. 1953. Counting live and dead bull spermatozoa. Journal of Experimental Biology, 30(1): 44-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.30.1.44
Chenoweth, P.J., C.C. Chase Jr. and C.A. Risco. 2000. Characterization of gossypol-induced sperm abnormalities in bulls. Theriogenology, 53(5): 1193-1203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00264-8
Chenoweth, P.J., C.A. Risco and R.E. Larsen. 1994. Effects of dietary gossypol on aspects of semen quality, sperm morphology and sperm production in young Brahman bulls. Theriogenology, 42(1): 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(94)90657-5
Cusack, P.M.V. and V. Perry. 1995. The effect of feeding whole cottonseed on the fertility of bulls. Aust. Vet. J., 72(12): 463-466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb03490.x
Danke, R.J., R.J. Panciera and K.D. Tillman. 1965. Gossypol toxicity studies with sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 24(4): 1199-1201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1965.2441199x
De Andrade, S.F., S.U. Oliva, G.R. Klinefelter and W.D.G. Kempinas. 2006. Epididymis-specific pathologic disorders in rats exposed to gossypol from weaning through puberty. Toxicol. Pathol., 34(6): 730-737. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230600932455
Graham, E.F., B.C. Carbo and K.I. Brown. 1985. Effect of some zwitter ion buffers on the freezing and storage of spermatozoa I. bull. J. Dairy Sci., 55(3): 372-378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(72)85499-7
Guedes, F.C.B. and B. Soto-Blanco. 2010. Sperm quality of sheep fed cotton seed cake. Acta Sci. Vet., 38(4): 415-418. Available on: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2890/289021903011.pdf
Hadley, M.A., Y.C. Lin and M. Dym. 1981. Effects of gossypol on the reproductive system of male rats. J. Androl., 2(4): 190-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1981.tb00615.x
Hale, F. and C.M. Lyman. 1957. Effect of protein level in the ration on gossypol tolerance in growing-fattening pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 16(2): 364-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1957.162364x
Hazarika, H., V.B. Saxena and S.S. Tripathi. 1989. Freezability of buffalo semen in Tris series extenders. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 59(1): 97-99.
Jeyendran, R.S., H.H. VanderVen, M. Perez-Pelaez, B.G. Grabo and L.Z.D. Zaneveld. 1984. Development of an assay to assess the functional integrity of the human sperm membrane and its relationship to other semen characteristics. J. Reprod. Fertil., 70(1): 219-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0700219
Jimenez, D.A., J.E. Chandler, R.W. Adkinson, W.A. Nipper, A.M. Baham and A.M. Saxton. 1989. Effect of feeding gossypol in cottonseed meal on growth, semen quality and spermatogenesis of yearling Holstein bulls. J. Dairy Sci., 72(7): 1866-1875. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(89)79305-X
Kedia, N.K., R.P. Tiwari, G.K. Mishra, M.R. Poyam, A.K. Pandey, A.K. Nair and S.A. Sahasrabudhe. 2014. Characteristics and freezability of Tharparkar bull semen. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 84(4): 382-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v84i4.39837
Kim, I.C., D.P. Waller, G.B. Marcelle and G.A. Cordell. 1984. Comparative in vitro spermicidal effects of (+/-)-gossypol, (+)-gossypol, (-)-gossypol and gossypolone. Contraception, 30(3): 253-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-7824(84)90088-xssypolone
Kornegay, E.T., A.J. Clawson, F.H. Smith and E.R. Barrick. 1961. Influence of protein source on toxicity of gossypol in swine rations. J. Anim. Sci., 20(3): 597-602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1961.203597x
Kumar, R.A. and T.G. Devanathan. 1996. Correlation between white side test for quality of cervical mucus and sperm penetration test. Indian Vet. J., 73(10): 645-648.
Kumar, S. 2008. Seminal characteristics and freezability of Murrah bull semen during spring and summer season, M.V.Sc. Thesis, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India.
Lindsey, T.O., G.E. Hawkins and L.D. Guthrie. 1980. Physiological responses of lactating cows to gossypol from cottonseed meal rations. J. Dairy Sci., 63(4): 562-573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82972-9
Luthra, R.A. and M.F. Mariony. 1995. Effect of season on the incidence of sperm abnormalities in fresh and frozen semen of Holstein Friesian bulls in Bulgaria. Indian Vet. J., 72: 244-246.
Mishra, G.K., R. Tiwari, S.U. Rehman, K.S. Rathore, R.B. Singh, S.K. Saxena and M.U. Siddiqui. 2012. Effect of seasons on semen production behavior of Jersey bulls. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 65(6): 497-500.
Morgan, S., E.L. Stair, T. Martin, W.C. Edwards and G.L. Morgan. 1988. Clinical, clinicopathologic, pathologic, and toxicologic alterations associated with gossypol toxicosis in feeder lambs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 49(4): 493-499.
Nath, R., S.S. Tripathi, V.B. Saxena and R.D. Tripathi. 1991. Tris diluent and freezability of buffalo semen. Indian Vet. J., 68(2): 135-138.
Nunes, F.D.C.R., D.A.F.V. De Araujo, M.B. Bezerra and B. Soto-Blanco. 2010. Effects of gossypol present in cottonseed cake on the spermatogenesis of goats. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9(1): 75-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.75.78
Pangaonkar, G.R. and R.D. Sharma. 1989. Spermiogram and cytomorphology of spermatozoa in relation to freezability of Holstein Friesian semen. Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction, 10: 60-63.
Pathak, V. 2008. Studies on seminal characteristics and freezability of Murrah and Red Sindhi bulls. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India.
Prasad, J.K., S. Kumar, G. Mohan, S.K. Agrawal and U. Shankar. 1999a. Simple modified method for cervical mucus penetration test for quality assessment of bull semen. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 69(2): 103-105.
Prasad, J.K., S. Kumar, G. Mohan, U. Shankar and S.K. Agrawal. 1999b. Hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) and its response in fresh and freezethawed semen. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 69(10): 766-769.
Randell, R.D., C.C. Chase and S.J. Wyse. 1992. Effects of gossypol and cottonseed products on reproduction of mammals. J. Anim. Sci., 70(5): 1628-1638. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1992.7051628x
Rasbech, N.C. 1975. Tris egg yolk citric acid glycerol as extender for bovine semen. Manual for Indo-Danish Training Course, DANIDA, Institute for Animal Reproduction, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Reiser, R. and H.C. Fu. 1962. The mechanism of gossypol detoxification by ruminant animals. J. Nutr., 76(2): 215-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/76.2.215
Revell, S.G. and R.A. Mrode. 1994. An osmotic resistance test for bovine semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 36(1-2): 77-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(94)90055-8
Risco, C.A., P.J. Chenoweth, R.E. Larsen, J. Velez, N. Shaw, T. Tran and C.C. Chase Jr. 1993. The effect of gossypol in cottonseed meal on performance and on hematological and semen traits in postpubertal Brahman bulls. Theriogenology, 40(3): 629-642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(93)90415-2
Saacke, R.G. and J.M. White. 1972. Semen quality tests and their relationship to fertility. In The 4th Technical Conference on Artificial Insemination and Reproduction, National Association of Animal Breeders, Illinois, USA. p. 22-27.
Saacke, R.G., R.P. Amann and C.E. Marshall. 1968. Acrosomal cap abnormalities of sperm from subfertile bulls. J. Anim. Sci., 27(5): 1391-1400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/JAS1968.2751391X
Saksena, S.K. and R.A. Salmonsen. 1982. Antifertility effects of gossypol in male hamsters. Fertil. Steril., 37(5): 686-690.
Salisbury, G.W., N.L. VanDemark and J.R. Lodge. 1978. Physiology of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination of Cattle, 3rd ed. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, USA. p. 367.
Santos, J.E.P. 2008. Gossypol intake from cottonseed feedstuffs - A performance concern for ruminants? In The Proceeding Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Sardar, M.J.U. 2007. Environment-related variation in the semen characteristics of bulls used for artificial insemination programme in Bangladesh. University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University, 26: 81-88.
Shetti, A.B., V.B. Hukeri and B.R. Deshpande. 1981. Deep freezing of buffalo spermatozoa in Triladyl diluent. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 34(1): 108-110.
Shrivastava, S. and S. Kumar. 2006. Effect of certain additives on the freezability of crossbred bull semen. Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction, 27(1): 1-5.
Singh, J., G.R. Pangawkar, R.K. Biswas and N. Kumar. 1991. Studies on buffalo sperm morphology during various stages of freezing in certain extenders. Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction, 12(2): 126-129.
Singh, R.S., N.S. Tomar, K.C. Sharma and K.B. Sharma. 1992. Studies on acrosomal abnormalities of cattle and buffalo spermatozoa in relation to other semen characteristics and fertility. Indian Vet. J., 69(3): 267-268.
Singh, S.P., R.K. Pandit and H.B.S. Bhadoria. 2000. Sexual behaviour and seminal characteristics in Jersey, Sahiwal and halfbred bulls. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 70(3): 279-280.
Smalley, S.A. and E.J. Bicknell. 1982. Gossypol toxicity in dairy cattle. Compend. Contin. Educ. Vet., 4(9): S378-S381.
Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran. 1994. Statistical Methods, 8th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Soderquist, L., L. Jansson, H. Larsson and S. Einarsson. 1991. Sperm morphology and fertility in A.I. bulls. J. Vet. Med. Assoc., 38(7): 534-543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1991.tb01045.x
Sonar, B.P., R.P. Tiwari, M.R. Poyam, G.K. Mishra, A.K. Pandey, A.K. Nair and S.A. Sahasrabudhe. 2016. Characterization and freezability of Gir bull semen. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 86(3): 264-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v86i3.56643
Taha, T.A., W.F. Shaaban, A.R. El-Mahdy, F.D. El-Nouty and M.H. Salem. 2006. Reproductive toxicological effects of gossypol on male rabbits: semen characteristics and hormonal levels. J. Anim. Sci., 82(2): 259-269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC200632
Velasquez-Pereira, J., P.J. Chenoweth, L.R. McDowell, C.A. Risco, C.R. Staples, D. Prichard, G. Martin, M.C. Calhoun, S.N. Williams and N.S. Wilkinson. 1998. Reproductive effects of feeding gossypol and vitamin E to bulls. J. Anim. Sci., 76(11): 2894-2904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.76112894x
Watson, P.F. 1975. Use of a Giemsa stain to detect changes in acrosomes of frozen ram spermatozoa. Vet. Rec., 97(1): 12-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.97.1.12
Watson, P.F. 2000. The causes of reduced fertility with cryopreserved semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2: 60-61, 481-492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00099-3
Withers, W.A. and F.E. Carruth. 1915. Gossypol: The toxic substance in cottonseed meal. J. Agric. Res., 5: 261-288.
Zahid, I.A., L.A. Lodhi, N. Rehman and M.S. Akhtar. 2002. Effects of gossypol on micrometry of testes of Teddy male goats. Pak. Vet. J., 22(3): 101-104.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Buffalo Bulletin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.




.png)




