Etiology of diarrhoea among adult buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and their impact on haemato-biochemical and mineral profile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4144354Keywords:
Bubalus bubalis, buffaloes, diarrhoea, fibrinogen, haematology, mineralAbstract
80 adult buffaloes suffering from diarrhea from sub-tropical and temperate zones of Jammu division were selected to establish etiology and to evaluate hemato-biochemical and mineral alterations. Clinico-haemato-biochemical,mineral and faecal evaluation was carried to relate alterations with respect to etiologies of diarrhoea. Strongyle infection was recorded among 32.5% buffaloes followed by amphistomiasis (18.75%), coccidiosis (7.5%), salmonellosis (7.5%) and balantidiasis (7.5%). 23.45% of affected buffaloes were placed under miscellaneous group as definite etiology could not be established. Season-wise, analysis revealed maximum prevalence of diarrhoea during rainy season (47.5%) followed by summer (35%) and winter (17.5%). Animals of 1 to 3 years age group had higher prevalence of coccidiosis (50%), strongyle infection (46.1%) and salmonellosis (37.5%) whereas, >6 years age group had higher prevalence amphistomiasis (66.7%) and balantidiasis (50%). Significant reduction (P<0.05) in hemoglobin, TEC, TPP, albumin, sodium, chloride, calcium and copper levels was recorded along with significant increase in plasma fibrinogen level among the diarrheic buffaloes. The results of blood gas analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in pH, pCO2, HCO3 and base excess and significant (P<0.05) increase in anion gap. Since, diarrhoea is a multifactorial disease leading to varying clinical signs, haemato-biochemical, mineral and blood gas changes which needs to be evaluated before recommending therapeutic regimen for recovery.
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References
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Hassan, N. 2015. Diagnostic and therapeutic studies on chronic diarrhea in dairy animals. Ph.D. Thesis, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Kaneko, J.J., J.W. Harvey and M. Bruss. 2008. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 6th ed. Academic Press, Elsevier, San Diego, California, USA.
Kockaya, M. and Y. Ozsensoy. 2016. Determination of some blood parameters and macro elements in coccidiosis affected Akkaraman Kangal lambs. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 6(9): 138-142. DOI: 10.18488/journal.2/2016.6.9/2.9.138.142
Malik, S.I., K. Afshan and M. Qayyum. 2017. Phenotyping of amphistomes, and pathological, hematological and bile biochemical response to Gigantocotyle explanatum infection in buffaloes. Pak. J. Zool., 49(3): 979-987. DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.3.979.987
Murugkar, H.V., H. Rahman, A. Kumar and D. Bhattacharyya. 2005. Isolation, phage typing and antibiogram of Salmonella from man & animals in northeastern India. Indian J. Med. Res., 122(3): 237-242.
Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliff and P.D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses, 10th ed., Elsevier Saunders, London, UK.
Reddy, B.S., S. Sivajothi and V.C. Rayulu. 2013. Clinical coccidiosis in adult cattle. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 39(3): 553-559. DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0395-1
Roy, B.C., M.M.H. Mondal, M.H. Talukder and S. Majumder. 2011. Prevalence of Balantidium coli in buffaloes at different areas of Mymensingh. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 9(1): 67-72. DOI: 10.3329/JBAU.V9I1.8746
Santos, R.L., R.M. Tsolis, A.J. Baumler and L.G. Adams. 2002. Hematologic and serum biochemical changes in Salmonella ser Typhimurium-infected calves. Am. J. Vet. Res., 63(8): 1145-1150. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1145
Singhal, V., R. Singh, A. Yadav and R. Agrawal. 2019. Prevalence of balantidiasis among diarrhoeic adult dairy animals of North west himalayan region and its impact on hemato-biochemical and Mineral profile. Haryana Veterinarian, 58(2): 261-265. Available on: https://www.luvas.edu.in/haryana-veterinarian/download/harvet2019-dec/31.pdf
Sinha, R.K., S.P. Verma, S.R.P. Sinha, S. Sinha and N. Kumar. 2008. Hematological alterations and therapeutic management of naturally acquired bubaline fasciolosis and amphistomiasis. Indian J. Vet. Med., 28(2): 117-119.
Soulsby, E.J.L. 2006. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. Baillier Tindall, UK.
Sreedevi, C. and M. Hafeez. 2014. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in and around Tirupati, India. Buffalo Bull., 33(3): 251-255. Available on: https://kukrdb.lib.ku.ac.th/journal/BuffaloBulletin/search_detail/result/286487
Sreedhar, S., E. Madanmohan and D. Sureshbabu. 2009. Prevalence of parasitic infections in cattle and buffaloes of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. Indian J. Anim. Res., 43(3): 230-231. Available on: http://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/webArticle/articles/ijar1433024.pdf
Sychanh, T., S. Chaunchom, C. Pulsrikarn, S. Pornreongwong, P. Chaichana and S. Boonmar. 2013. Salmonella prevalence in slaughtered buffaloes and cattle in champasak province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Kasetsart Journal: Natural Science, 47(4): 561-570.
Taylor, M.A, J. Catchpole, J. Marshall, R.N. Marshall and D. Hoeben. 2003. Histopathological observations on the activity of diclazuril (Vecoxan) against the endogenous stages of Eimeria crandallis in sheep. Vet. Parasitol., 116(4): 305-314. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00256-5
Thakur, R., R. Singh, R.K. Mandial, S. Bala and R. Katoch. 2007. Clinico-haematological, biochemical, minerals and therapeutic studies on amphistomiasis in cattle of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Vet. Med., 26(1): 12-15.
Tsolis, R.M., L.G. Adams, M.J. Hantman, C.A. Scherer, T. Kimborough, R.A. Kingsley, T.A. Ficht, S.I. Miller and A.J. Baumler. 2000. SspA is required for lethal Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infections in calves but is not essential for diarrhea, Infect. Immun,, 68(6): 3158-3163. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3158-3163.2000
Vanisri, V., N. Subramanium and M. Muthu. 2016. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in and around Cheyyar taluk, Thiruvannamalai district. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 3(11): 3282-3294.
Weiss, D.J., K.J. Wardrop, K.E. Harr, D. Seelig, M. Brooks and O.W. Schalm. 2021. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey, USA.
Wisesa, I.B.G.R., F.M. Siswanto, T.A. Putra, I.B.M. Oka and N.A. Suratma. 2015. Prevalence of Balantidium sp. in Bali cattle at different areas of Bali. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation, 1: 49-53.
Yogeshpriya, S., M. Saravanan, S. Krishnakumar, M. Veeraselvam and P. Selvaraj. 2017. Clinico-therapeutic management of amphistomiasis in cattle. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 6(6): 92-94. Available on: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yogeshpriya-Somu/publication/318239240_Clinico-therapeutic_management_of_amphistomiasis_in_cattle/links/5b2e8e40aca2720785dfd800/Clinico-therapeutic-management-of-amphistomiasis-in-cattle.pdf
Ahmed, W.M. and S.E. Hassan. 2007. Applied studies on coccidiosis in growing buffalo-calves with special reference to oxidant/antioxidant status. World Journal of Zoology, 2(2): 40-48. Available on: http://idosi.org/wjz/wjz2(2)2007/5.pdf
Al-dujaily, A.H., A.J. Al-mialy and A.C. Alatabi. 2017. Clinical and hemato-biochemical studies in Awassi lambs infected with coccidiosis. Kufa Journal for Veterinary Medical Sciences, 8(1): 1-7.
Anumol, J., P.V. Tresamol, K. Vinodkumar and M.R. Saseendranath, 2012. Haemato Biochemical alterations in goats infected with coccidiosis. Tamilnadu J. Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 8(6): 336-339. Available on: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=bioche
APEDA. 2018. Annual Report. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), New Delhi, India.
Bangoura, B. and A. Daugschies. 2007. Influence of experimental Eimeria zuernii infection in calves on electrolyte concentrations, acid-base balance and blood gases. Parasitol Res., 101(6): 1637-1645. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0705-6
Biswas, A., A. Phukan, C.C. Baruah, S.S. Sarma and P.R. Dutta. 2013. Haemato-biochemical changes in cattle with naturally acquired paramphistomiasis. Indian Vet. J., 90(10): 26-28.
Chaudhri, S.S., R.S. Bisla, V. Bhanot and H. Singh. 2014. Prevalence of helminthic infections in diarrhoeic cows and buffaloes of eastern Haryana. Indian J. Anim. Res., 48(1): 55-58. DOI: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.011
Chauhan, V.D., P.V. Patel, J.J. Hasnani, S.S. Pandya, S. Pandey, D.V. Pansuriya and V. Choudhary. 2015. Study on hematological alterations induced by amphistomosis in buffaloes. Vet. World., 8(3): 417-420. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.417-420
Constable, P. 2015. Overview of Coccidiosis. The Merck Veterinary Manual. Merck and Co., Inc. Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA.
DADF. 2019. Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics-2019. Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying. Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
Debbarma, P., M.L.V. Rao, K. Roy, P.C. Shukla and I.C. Datta. 2014. Haemato-biochemical response to some anthelmintics in clinical gastrointestinal nematodiasis in lactating cows. Haryana Veterinarian, 53(2): 127-129. Available on: https://www.luvas.edu.in/haryana-veterinarian/download/harvet-Dec2014/13.pdf
Ghanem, M.M. and Y.M. Abd El-Raof. 2005. Clinical and haemato-biochemical studies on lamb coccidiosis and changes following amprolium and sulphadimthoxine therapy. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 16(2): 286-300. Available on: https://bu.edu.eg/portal/uploads/Commerce/Management/1562/publications/Abdulallah%20Ameen%20Magmoud%20Gamaa_Paper_18.pdf
Haque, M., Jyoti, N.K. Singh, P.D. Juyal, H. Singh, R. Singh and S.S. Rath. 2011. Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in dairy animals of western plains of Punjab. J. Vet. Parasitol., 25(2):168-170.
Hassan, N. 2015. Diagnostic and therapeutic studies on chronic diarrhea in dairy animals. Ph.D. Thesis, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Jadidi, A., S.D. Hosseni, A. Homayounimehr, A. Hamidi, S. Ghani and B. Rafiee. 2012. Simple and rapid detection of Salmonella sp. from cattle feces using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Iran. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 6(24): 5210-5214. DOI: 10.5897/AJMR12.199
Kaneko, J.J., J.W. Harvey and M. Bruss. 2008. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 6th ed. Academic Press, Elsevier, San Diego, California, USA.
Kockaya, M. and Y. Ozsensoy. 2016. Determination of some blood parameters and macro elements in coccidiosis affected Akkaraman Kangal lambs. Asian Journal of Scientific Research, 6(9): 138-142. DOI: 10.18488/journal.2/2016.6.9/2.9.138.142
Malik, S.I., K. Afshan and M. Qayyum. 2017. Phenotyping of amphistomes, and pathological, hematological and bile biochemical response to Gigantocotyle explanatum infection in buffaloes. Pak. J. Zool., 49(3): 979-987. DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.3.979.987
Murugkar, H.V., H. Rahman, A. Kumar and D. Bhattacharyya. 2005. Isolation, phage typing and antibiogram of Salmonella from man & animals in northeastern India. Indian J. Med. Res., 122(3): 237-242.
Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliff and P.D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses, 10th ed., Elsevier Saunders, London, UK.
Reddy, B.S., S. Sivajothi and V.C. Rayulu. 2013. Clinical coccidiosis in adult cattle. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 39(3): 553-559. DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0395-1
Roy, B.C., M.M.H. Mondal, M.H. Talukder and S. Majumder. 2011. Prevalence of Balantidium coli in buffaloes at different areas of Mymensingh. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 9(1): 67-72. DOI: 10.3329/JBAU.V9I1.8746
Santos, R.L., R.M. Tsolis, A.J. Baumler and L.G. Adams. 2002. Hematologic and serum biochemical changes in Salmonella ser Typhimurium-infected calves. Am. J. Vet. Res., 63(8): 1145-1150. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1145
Singhal, V., R. Singh, A. Yadav and R. Agrawal. 2019. Prevalence of balantidiasis among diarrhoeic adult dairy animals of North west himalayan region and its impact on hemato-biochemical and Mineral profile. Haryana Veterinarian, 58(2): 261-265. Available on: https://www.luvas.edu.in/haryana-veterinarian/download/harvet2019-dec/31.pdf
Sinha, R.K., S.P. Verma, S.R.P. Sinha, S. Sinha and N. Kumar. 2008. Hematological alterations and therapeutic management of naturally acquired bubaline fasciolosis and amphistomiasis. Indian J. Vet. Med., 28(2): 117-119.
Soulsby, E.J.L. 2006. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. Baillier Tindall, UK.
Sreedevi, C. and M. Hafeez. 2014. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in and around Tirupati, India. Buffalo Bull., 33(3): 251-255. Available on: https://kukrdb.lib.ku.ac.th/journal/BuffaloBulletin/search_detail/result/286487
Sreedhar, S., E. Madanmohan and D. Sureshbabu. 2009. Prevalence of parasitic infections in cattle and buffaloes of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. Indian J. Anim. Res., 43(3): 230-231. Available on: http://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/webArticle/articles/ijar1433024.pdf
Sychanh, T., S. Chaunchom, C. Pulsrikarn, S. Pornreongwong, P. Chaichana and S. Boonmar. 2013. Salmonella prevalence in slaughtered buffaloes and cattle in champasak province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Kasetsart Journal: Natural Science, 47(4): 561-570.
Taylor, M.A, J. Catchpole, J. Marshall, R.N. Marshall and D. Hoeben. 2003. Histopathological observations on the activity of diclazuril (Vecoxan) against the endogenous stages of Eimeria crandallis in sheep. Vet. Parasitol., 116(4): 305-314. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00256-5
Thakur, R., R. Singh, R.K. Mandial, S. Bala and R. Katoch. 2007. Clinico-haematological, biochemical, minerals and therapeutic studies on amphistomiasis in cattle of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Vet. Med., 26(1): 12-15.
Tsolis, R.M., L.G. Adams, M.J. Hantman, C.A. Scherer, T. Kimborough, R.A. Kingsley, T.A. Ficht, S.I. Miller and A.J. Baumler. 2000. SspA is required for lethal Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infections in calves but is not essential for diarrhea, Infect. Immun,, 68(6): 3158-3163. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3158-3163.2000
Vanisri, V., N. Subramanium and M. Muthu. 2016. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in and around Cheyyar taluk, Thiruvannamalai district. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 3(11): 3282-3294.
Weiss, D.J., K.J. Wardrop, K.E. Harr, D. Seelig, M. Brooks and O.W. Schalm. 2021. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey, USA.
Wisesa, I.B.G.R., F.M. Siswanto, T.A. Putra, I.B.M. Oka and N.A. Suratma. 2015. Prevalence of Balantidium sp. in Bali cattle at different areas of Bali. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation, 1: 49-53.
Yogeshpriya, S., M. Saravanan, S. Krishnakumar, M. Veeraselvam and P. Selvaraj. 2017. Clinico-therapeutic management of amphistomiasis in cattle. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 6(6): 92-94. Available on: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yogeshpriya-Somu/publication/318239240_Clinico-therapeutic_management_of_amphistomiasis_in_cattle/links/5b2e8e40aca2720785dfd800/Clinico-therapeutic-management-of-amphistomiasis-in-cattle.pdf
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Published
2022-12-31
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Singh, R., Singhal, V., Agrawal, R., & Upadhyay, S. R. (2022). Etiology of diarrhoea among adult buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and their impact on haemato-biochemical and mineral profile. Buffalo Bulletin, 41(4), 717–729. https://doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4144354
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