Next-generation probiotics and applications in functional food technology
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Abstract
Advancements in genomics and microbiome research have facilitated the identification of novel gut microbes that were previously unculturable using conventional methods. These microbes, now classified as Next-Generation Probiotics (NGPs), demonstrate strain-specific health-promoting effects through metabolic modulation, immune regulation, and anti-inflammatory activity. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of mechanistic evidence supporting the beneficial roles of NGPs, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides spp., and Clostridium butyricum. Additionally, it explores emerging strategies to address technological and regulatory challenges, with a focus on incorporating NGPs into functional food systems via microencapsulation and utilizing their bioactive metabolites. These approaches enhance microbial stability and bioavailability while addressing safety concerns associated with live microbial formulations. Overall, this review offers a scientific foundation for the application of NGPs in the development of next-generation functional foods and nutraceuticals targeting specific health outcomes.
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